هذه القطع المستخدمة في المشاريع الخاصة لمادة الريل تايم, مع صور هذه القطع و شرح بسيط عنها وقد وضعنا الداتا شيت لكل القطع الموجودة
وللطلاب الذين سوف يستخدمون الاردوينو لأول مرة , وضعنا هذه الدورة لمساعدتكم في المشاريع
 | Pic16f877a This PIC is one of the most renowned microcontrollers in the industry.it finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors, security and safety devices, home automation and many industrial instruments. An EEPROM is also featured in it which makes it possible to store some of the information permanently like transmitter codes and receiver frequencies and some other related data Datasheet |
 | Oscillator – 4 MHZ Standard frequency crystals – use these crystals to provide a clock input to your microprocessor. Rated at 20pF capacitance and +/- 50ppm stability. Low profile HC49/US Pac |
 | capacitors 22 pF This Capacitor is a Professional range of high-voltage multilayer capacitors. At high frequencies, these capacitors exhibit low ESR and find conventional use as snubbers or filters in applications. These capacitors are typically used in telecommunications, medical, military and aerospace equipment. |
 | Breadboard A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes let you easily insert electronic components to prototype an electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an LED (light-emitting diode). |
 | LCD 16 X 2 (with pinheads) An electronic device that is used to display data and the message.It includes 16 Columns & 2 Rows so it can display 32 characters in total & every character will be made with 40 Pixel. It mostly depends on multi-segment LEDs. درس عن الشاشة |
 | Wire Male to Male This Jumper wire is used in connecting a female header pin of any development board (like Arduino) to another development board or breadboard.Also it can be combined with a Female jumper wire to create Male to Female jumper wire. |
 | Diode 1N4007 A diode is a two-terminal component that allows the flow of current only in a single direction from the Anode to the cathode. Diode 1N4007 is a standard recovery rectifier with a molded plastic case. The maximum current carrying capacity is 1A and it withstands peak up to 30A. So it can be used in circuits that are designed for less than 1A. |
 | Diode 1N4148 Diode 1N4148 is a standard silicon switching signal diode. This diode is applicable where fast switching is required, so it is known as a switching diode. The main functionality of this diode is the same as a normal switch. It has high resistance under a fixed voltage whereas It has low resistance above the fixed voltage. |
 | Transistor BC547 BC547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). It has three terminals: Emitter, Collector and Base.The maximum current gain of this transistor is 800A. It has two operation status: forward bias and reverse bias and it is usually used for current amplifiers, quick switching and pulse-width modulation, so it can control the speed of a motor. |
 | Transistor BC558 It is a semiconductor device, used like an amplifier or a switch in electronic circuits. Its hFE ratings of this transistor range from 125 to 800 and these ratings can be determined through the final letter after its digit. The highest collector dissipation is 500 milliwatt. When this transistor is used as a switch for below 100mA loads then it works well. |
 | Capacitors 470/25 uF A 470/25 uFA capacitor is a device used for storing electrical energy, consisting of two conductors in close proximity and insulated from each other. |
 | Capacitors 0.1 uF (104) – 100nF This ceramic capacitor is very common and used on all sorts of applications to decouple ICs from power supplies, and to smooth out spikes in power when building a circuit. 0.1″ spaced leads make this a perfect candidate for breadboarding and perf boarding. |
 | LM 7805 regulator The LM7805 is a voltage regulator that outputs +5 volts. It is a three-pin IC; input pin for accepting incoming DC voltage, ground pin for establishing ground for the regulator, and output pin that supplies the positive 5 volts. The last two digits of the LM7805 are the same as the output voltage. The last two digits of the LM7805 are the same as the output voltage. Datasheet |
 | Relay 12 VDC Relays are switches controlled by electrical power.The purpose of a relay is to automate this power to switch electrical circuits on and off at particular times.It also provides the ability to switch multiple circuits, including different voltage types, within the same relay at the same time. A 12V DC relay switch is the best solution for full voltage applications, as it allows a low current flow circuit to control a high current flow circuit, like a vehicle’s horn, headlights, auxiliary lamps, fan motors, blower motors ,etc. شرح عن الريليه |
 | Resistors 220 ohm In electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow ( and so to lower voltage levels ) to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines among other uses A 220 ohm resistor has a tolerance of 5% and power rating of 1/4 Watt. One of its application is DIY projects that require impedance matching |
| Resistors 1K ohm A 1k ohm resistor is a resistor of 1/4 Watt, +/- 5% tolerance. It is Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications, It makes excellent pull-ups, pull-downs and current limiters. | |
 | Resistors 4.7K ohm It is a resistor of 4.7K ohm and 5% tolerence . Its color code is ( Yellow / Violet / Red / Gold ). It has a maximum operating voltage of 350V , and it is a common value used for pull-up and pull-down resistors. |
 | Resistors 10K ohm A 10 K ohm is commonly used in breadboards and perf boards, and it makes excellent pull-ups, pull-downs, and current limiters. It has a power of 1/6th Watt, a tolerance of +/- 5% and a colore code of ( brown, black,orange and gold ). |
 | Leds – Red Led is a semiconductor device that emits infrared or visible light when charged with an electric current. The color of an LED is determined by its semiconductor material,when zinc and oxygen are added to gallium phosphide it gives red emission. |
 | Leds – Green A LED emits light when an electric current passes through it.However ,a led is likely to be destroyed by excessive current passing through it , so it should be never connected directly to a power supply. When the semiconductor material is made by the nitrogen added to gallium phosphide,it gives green emission. |
 | Leds – Yellow A LED is a Light Emitting Diode , a semiconductor light source that combines a P-type ( hall connection ) semiconductor with an N-type ( electrons connection ) semiconductor.Applying a sufficient forward voltage will cause the electrons and holes to recombine at the P-N junction, releasing energy in the form of light. Yellow LEDs are often used as power status indicators in control panels, backlighting for displays and message displays and automotive fog lights. When nitrogen is added to gallium arsenide phosphide , it gives orange and yellow emission. |
 | Push buttons The push button switch is usually used to turn on and off the control circuit. It is used in electrical automatic control circuits to manually send control signals to control contactors, relays, electromagnetic starters, etc. The push button switch can complete basic controls such as start, stop, forward and reverse rotation, speed change and interlock.It Usually has two pairs of contacts and each pair consists of a NO contact and a NC contact |
 | Power supply with output 12VDC/1A a 12VDC output is obtained from a 120VAC or 240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors. There are some applications for this power supply such as networking applications, voice, data and analog communications and telecomunications ,motor controlling , and many other Industries . |
 | Arduino Uno board Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. An arduino board is able to read inputs – light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message – and turn it into an output – activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. |